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KMID : 0364820080440020085
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Korean Journal of Microbiology
2008 Volume.44 No. 2 p.85 ~ p.92
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Minority report; Diketopiperazines and Pyocyanin as Quorum Sensing Signals in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Lee Joon-Hee
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Abstract
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen, causing a wide variety of infections including
cystic fibrosis, microbial keratitis, and burn wound infections. The cell-to-cell signaling mechanism known as
quorum sensing (QS) plays a key role in these infections and the QS systems of P. aeruginosa have been most
intensively studied. While many literatures that introduce the QS systems of P. aeruginosa have mostly focused
on two major acyl-homoserine lactone (acyl-HSL) QS signals, N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone
(3OC12) and N-butanoyl homoserine lactone (C4), several new signal molecules have been discovered and suggested
for their significant roles in signaling and virulence of P. aeruginosa. One of them is PQS (Pseudomonas
quinolone signal; 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone), which is now considered as a well-characterized major signal
meolecule of P. aeruginosa. In addition, recent researches have also suggested some more putative signal
molecules of P. aeruginosa, which are diketopiperazines (DKPs) and pyocyanin. DKPs are cyclic dipeptides
and structurally diverse depending on what amino acids are involved in composition. Some DKPs from the culture
supernatant of P. aeruginosa are suggested as new diffusible signal molecules, based on their ability to activate
Vibrio fischeri LuxR biosensors that are previously considered specific for acyl-HSLs. Pyocyanin (1-
hydroxy-5-methyl-phenazine), one of phenazine derivatives produced by P. aeruginosa is a characteristic bluegreen
pigment and redox-active compound. This has been recently suggested as a terminal signaling factor to
upregulate some QS-controlled genes during stationary phase under the mediation of a transcription factor,
SoxR. Here, details about these newly emerging signaling molecules of P. aeruginosa are discussed.
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KEYWORD
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anthranilate, bacterial cell to cell signaling, diketopiperazine, phenazine, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pyocyanin, quorum sensing
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